新法扩大紧急管理权限、加强全国协调，并提高社区、毛利部族及动物福利在灾害中的保障

惠灵顿讯

新西兰国会近日通过新的紧急管理立法，旨在全面加强国家应对自然灾害及其他紧急事件的能力。

紧急管理与灾后恢复部长马克·米切尔（Mark Mitchell）表示，新法案完成最终审议，是新西兰紧急管理体系改革的重要里程碑，将为国家应对日益频繁、复杂的紧急事件提供一套更加现代化、符合实际需要的法律框架。

取代24年前的民防紧急管理法

新法案将取代已经实施24年的《2002年民防紧急管理法》（Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002）。

米切尔表示，新西兰近年来面临的紧急事件越来越频繁，而且性质更加复杂，因此有必要更新现有法律制度。

他说，自己曾亲眼看到地方政府在紧急情况下所面对的巨大压力，新法对紧急权力和紧急状态宣布程序进行更新，将帮助地方政府和相关机构在灾害发生时更加有效地开展工作。

新法同时进一步明确不同机构和参与者在紧急管理体系中的职责。

加强中央与地方协调

政府表示，新制度的一个重要目标是避免不同地区在应急能力和服务水平上出现过大的差异。

米切尔表示，有效的紧急管理不应该取决于居民所在的邮政编码。

新法将赋予紧急管理总监（Director-General）和紧急管理部长更多工具，可以为全国紧急管理体系设定更加明确的要求，并在有必要的情况下推动全国范围内的一致性。

政府希望借此提高全国紧急管理体系的协调能力。

社区和毛利部族将获得更大参与度

新法也将提高社区和毛利部族（iwi Māori）在紧急管理体系中的参与程度。

根据新制度，社区和iwi Māori将在紧急管理委员会中获得更强的代表性，并更多参与地区及全国紧急管理计划的制定。

政府认为，这将有助于让紧急管理计划更加贴近当地社区的实际情况。

新法加强灾害期间动物救援

新法还特别加强了紧急情况下的动物福利保障。

米切尔表示，他了解人们在发生灾害时不得不把宠物或其他动物留在危险环境中的痛苦。

新法将改善紧急事件发生期间及灾后的动物福利管理。

其中一项新权力允许经过授权的紧急管理救援人员，在动物需要帮助的情况下进入相关场所进行救援。

政府认为，这将填补过去紧急管理体系中动物救援方面的部分空白。

建立“减灾、准备、响应、恢复”完整体系

新法继续保留现有民防紧急管理体系的核心原则，包括对各种自然和人为灾害进行综合管理。

其核心仍然是贯穿灾害全过程的“4R”模式：

• Risk Reduction（风险降低）——减少灾害发生及其影响；
• Readiness（准备）——做好应对紧急事件的准备；
• Response（响应）——灾害发生后迅速采取行动；
• Recovery（恢复）——灾后恢复基础设施、社区和经济活动。

政府表示，这种从风险降低到灾后恢复的完整体系，将继续构成新西兰紧急管理工作的基础。

多项条款将分阶段实施

新法获得皇家批准（Royal assent）后，大部分条款将在次日正式生效。

不过，一些制度将分阶段实施：

• 合规命令相关规定：延迟6个月生效；
• 紧急状态或过渡期以外的资源协调及使用规定：延迟12个月；
• 地区及地方控制员和灾后恢复经理任命规定：延迟12个月；
• 地区紧急管理计划内容相关规定：延迟12个月；
• 牵头机构（lead agencies）相关规定：在皇家批准两年后生效，或由内阁通过行政命令提前实施。

继续推进更广泛的改革

米切尔表示，新法案吸收了过去多次调查和评估提出的改革建议，同时也是政府进一步强化全国紧急管理体系的重要组成部分。

政府此前已通过2026年预算为紧急管理领域的现代化运营技术提供资金，包括建立统一的“共同态势图”（Common Operating Picture），帮助不同机构在灾害发生时共享关键实时信息。

此外，政府还将根据《强化紧急管理路线图》（Strengthening Emergency Management Roadmap），继续推进其他运营改革。

米切尔表示，在新法正式实施后，他还计划启动对现行《国家民防紧急管理计划》（National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan）的全面审查。

他说，自己曾多次亲赴灾害现场，看到社区和紧急管理部门如何共同帮助受灾民众。

“我们将利用这项新法律提供的额外支持，共同建设一个更加强大的紧急管理体系。”

来源：新西兰政府

Laws passed to strengthen emergency management system

New legislation to strengthen New Zealand’s emergency management system has passed its final reading in Parliament today, Minister for Emergency Management and Recovery, Mark Mitchell says.

“This is a major milestone, giving us a modern, fit-for-purpose legal framework to manage the more frequent and complex emergencies New Zealand is facing. 

“I have seen firsthand the difficult situations local authorities can be confronted with in an emergency. Updates to emergency powers and procedures for declarations will ensure they can do their jobs more effectively when an emergency happens.

“The new legislation also makes roles and responsibilities clearer, helping key players in the system.

“Communities and iwi Māori will have a stronger voice in emergency management, through representation on emergency management committees and greater involvement in developing regional and national emergency management plans.

“Effective emergency management shouldn’t be a postcode lottery. The Bill gives the Director-General and the Emergency Management Minister new tools to set clear expectations for the sector and enable national consistency where it’s beneficial to do so.

“I know how distressing it is to leave pets and other animals behind in an emergency because there’s no other option. The Bill will improve how animal welfare is managed during and after emergencies, including through a new power allowing authorised emergency management responders to enter premises where animals need help,” says Mr Mitchell. 

“The Bill delivers improvements identified through past inquiries and reviews and is a catalyst for the wider programme of work to strengthen New Zealand’s emergency management system. This includes funding through Budget 2026 for the modern operational technology systems the sector needs, including a common operating picture, along with further operational improvements set out in the Strengthening Emergency Management Roadmap, which Cabinet has agreed to in principle.

“I also intend to commence a review of the current National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan once the Bill comes into force.

“I’ve been on the ground during many events and seen how hard our communities and the emergency management sector work together to support those who need it. I look forward to us building a stronger system together, using the additional support this new legislation provides.”

Notes to editors:

The Bill replaces the 24-year-old Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002
Most provisions in the Bill will come into force on the day following Royal assent, apart from the following provisions which will have delayed commencement:   

provisions relating to compliance orders (delayed by 6 months)  
provisions regarding the coordination and use of resources outside of a state of emergency or transition period (delayed by 12 months)  
provisions relating to the appointment of District and Local Controllers and Recovery Managers (delayed by 12 months)  
provisions relating to the content of regional emergency management plans (delayed by 12 months)  
provisions relating to lead agencies will come into force two years after Royal assent or an earlier date set by Order in Council.

The Bill builds on the framework established by the CDEM Act and retains:

consideration of all hazards – natural and man-made
an end-to-end approach to managing the risks from those hazards, i.e. requiring action across the “4 Rs” of risk reduction, readiness, response, and recovery
a devolved structure, with responsibilities across the 4Rs held at both the local and national levels.