新西兰通过30多年来最大规模《精神健康法》改革 保障患者权益并加强人权保护
新西兰政府宣布,国会正式通过全新的精神健康立法,这是30多年来新西兰精神健康法律最大规模的一次改革。新法将全面更新强制精神健康治疗制度,进一步保障患者权利,改善医疗服务,并逐步淘汰部分具争议性的治疗措施。
精神健康部长Matt Doocey表示,这是新西兰精神健康领域具有里程碑意义的一天。
> “这是新西兰精神健康改革具有世代意义的一次重大变革。新法律将现代化强制精神健康护理制度,加强患者权利,终止对青少年使用隔离措施,并尽可能确保母亲与新生婴儿能够共同生活。”
30多年旧法正式迈向现代化
Matt Doocey指出,目前实施的精神健康法律制定于30多年前,已经无法反映现代精神健康护理的发展。
他说:
> “过去30年来,人们对精神健康的认识发生了巨大变化。社会也期待医疗服务能够更加尊重患者权利,并以康复为中心。”
新法因此对整个制度进行了全面更新。
四大重点改革
1. 尽可能保障母婴不分离
新法新增规定,接受强制精神健康治疗期间,母亲与新生婴儿原则上应共同生活。
只有当负责医生认为母婴分离符合双方最佳利益时,才允许实施分离。
2. 青少年全面禁止隔离(Seclusion)
新法规定:
未成年人将全面禁止使用隔离措施(Seclusion)。
对于成年人:
大幅提高使用隔离措施的门槛;
加强审批及监督程序;
将隔离措施限制在极少数特殊情况下使用;
政府最终目标是彻底取消隔离制度。
3. 加强患者自主权
法案进一步强化患者权利,包括:
建立**支持性决策(Supported Decision-making)**制度;
提高家属参与治疗决策的程度;
引入独立权益倡导(Independent Advocacy)机制;
提供更多法律保障,确保患者权益得到维护。
4. 更严格限制电痉挛治疗(ECT)
新法同时提高使用**电痉挛治疗(Electroconvulsive Therapy,ECT)**的门槛。
未来只有在更加有限、更加严格的条件下,才能使用ECT治疗。
回应国家调查委员会建议
Matt Doocey表示,这项改革回应了**国家照护历史虐待调查皇家委员会(Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions)**提出的至少10项建议。
这些改革旨在:
提高接受强制精神健康治疗人士的人身安全;
保障患者尊严;
强化人权保护;
建立更加以患者为中心的治疗制度。
两年后正式实施
由于改革涉及整个精神健康系统,新法不会立即生效。
政府表示:
法律将在两年后正式实施;
期间将为医生、医疗机构及精神健康服务系统提供充分准备时间;
确保全国能够顺利落实新的制度。
部长感谢患者及家庭参与改革
Matt Doocey最后感谢所有参与改革咨询的人士,特别是曾接受精神健康服务的患者及其家属。
他说,他们分享的亲身经历和意见,帮助政府制定了一部能够改善未来数代新西兰人精神健康护理的新法律。
改革重点一览
改革内容 新规定
母婴保护 原则上不得分离母亲与新生儿
青少年隔离 全面禁止使用隔离措施
成年人隔离 大幅限制,并加强监督
患者权益 增加支持性决策、家属参与及独立倡导
ECT治疗 提高使用门槛,仅限特殊情况
实施时间 两年后正式生效
此次改革被视为新西兰精神健康制度数十年来最重要的法律更新之一,未来将进一步推动精神健康服务向更加尊重人权、以康复为导向的方向发展。
New Zealand’s mental health laws are set for their biggest overhaul in more than 30 years, with Parliament today passing landmark legislation, Mental Health Minister Matt Doocey says.
“This is a huge day for mental health in New Zealand, with a once-in-a-generation reform that will modernise compulsory mental health care, strengthen people’s rights, end the use of seclusion for young people, and introduce new protections to keep mothers and their babies together wherever possible,” Mr Doocey says.
“Our old mental health law was written more than 30 years ago and no longer reflects how mental health care is delivered today. Our understanding of mental health has changed dramatically, and people rightly expect care that is more respectful of their rights and focused on recovery.
“New protections will be introduced to support mothers and their newborn babies staying together while under compulsory mental health care. Under the new protections, separation may only happen where the responsible practitioner deems it is in the best interest of the mother and baby.
“Another significant change I am proud of is ending the use of seclusion for young people.
“For adults, the Bill introduces stronger safeguards and oversight around seclusion, significantly limiting the circumstances in which it can be used, while continuing to reduce its use as we work towards eliminating seclusion altogether.
“The Bill also strengthens supported decision-making, increases family involvement, introduces independent advocacy, and raises the threshold for the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ensuring it is used only in much more limited circumstances.
“This responds to at least ten recommendations from the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions, reinforcing our commitment to improving the safety, dignity and rights of people receiving compulsory mental health care.
“I want to acknowledge everyone who helped shape these reforms, particularly people with lived experience and their families. Their feedback has helped create a Bill that will improve mental health care for generations of New Zealanders.
“The changes will come into force in two years, allowing time for clinicians and the wider mental health system to prepare for these significant reforms.”

