600万纽元清除海洋入侵藻类设备在北地测试成功
编辑部|新西兰华人每日资讯网
新西兰生物安全部长 Andrew Hoggard 表示,一种用于大规模清除外来入侵海藻(Caulerpa)的巨型水下清除设备,近期在北地(Northland)Omākiwi湾的测试中表现良好,有望成为未来控制入侵物种的重要工具。
新型水下设备成功通过现场测试
该设备名为:
水下挖掘刨除机(Submersible Dredge Planer,SDP)
是一种遥控操作的大型水下清除设备,由新西兰生物安全局(Biosecurity New Zealand)委托北地地区委员会(Northland Regional Council)开发,并由当地企业:
Johnson Brothers Ltd
负责设计和制造。
Andrew Hoggard表示:
“我非常高兴,过去几周的现场测试证明,这套设备能够按照预期工作,并将成为我们治理入侵海藻的重要工具之一。”
三种技术应对入侵海藻
SDP是政府利用1000万纽元专项资金开发的三种清除工具之一。
2024年,政府拨款1000万纽元,用于应对外来入侵海藻Caulerpa。
目前开发的三种技术包括:
- 水下挖掘刨除机(SDP)
通过机械方式大面积清除海底覆盖的Caulerpa。
- UV-C紫外线处理技术
利用紫外线照射破坏海藻组织。
- “Rehabitat”封闭处理系统
通过可扩展围栏系统,将受影响区域封闭,并使用氯化处理消灭海藻。
测试显示设备性能达到预期
此次测试得到:
Cawthron Institute(卡思罗恩研究所)
Ngāti Kuta和Patukeha部落(hapū)
的支持。
测试重点评估:
机械性能;
操控灵活性;
实际运行能力。
目前,环境影响评估仍在继续进行。
专为新西兰环境定制开发
Andrew Hoggard表示,SDP的研发过程非常复杂。
其中两个关键部件:
遥控潜水机器人(ROV)
控制操作系统
需要从苏格兰采购。
由于全球没有现成设备可以满足需求,因此该设备完全根据新西兰海域条件进行定制开发。
其中最大的创新之一是:
独特的螺旋推进系统(Screw Propulsion System)
该系统能够让设备在:
柔软海床;
沙质海底;
等环境中稳定运行,例如:
岛屿湾(Bay of Islands)
等区域。
如何工作?
SDP采用遥控操作方式,配备:
切割刀片;
大型挖掘吸取系统。
工作流程:
- 刀片切割覆盖海底的Caulerpa藻垫;
- 挖掘系统将碎片吸取至水面;
- 收集后进行安全处理。
Andrew Hoggard称:
“这是新西兰‘8号铁丝精神(Number 8 Wire Kiwi ingenuity)’的优秀体现。”
(“Number 8 Wire”通常用来形容新西兰人解决实际问题的创新精神。)
虽然测试区域藻类减少 设备仍具价值
此次测试面临一个特殊情况:
原计划测试地点Omākiwi湾曾被Caulerpa大量覆盖,但近期自然衰退现象导致当地藻类数量大幅减少,目前只剩零星分布。
不过,政府表示:
通过测试,已经掌握了:
SDP每天能够覆盖的面积;
工作速度;
操作能力。
如果未来Caulerpa再次大量繁殖,该设备可以立即投入使用。
此外,SDP还可以进一步改造,用于处理:
其他海洋入侵物种;
淡水环境中的入侵植物。
政策意义:加强新西兰生物安全防线
政府表示,拥有多种经过测试的治理技术,对于未来快速应对入侵物种非常重要。
Caulerpa是一种快速扩散的外来海藻,可能影响:
海洋生态系统;
本地鱼类栖息环境;
渔业资源;
海岸经济活动。
此次价值600万纽元的SDP设备研发成功,意味着新西兰在海洋生物安全领域增加了一项大型机械化治理能力。
未来,新西兰将继续结合:
科技监测;
机械清除;
生物安全管理;
社区和毛利部落合作;
来控制外来物种扩散,保护海洋生态环境。
A giant underwater dredge device designed to remove large areas of exotic caulerpa seaweed has performed well in recent testing at Omākiwi Cove in Northland, Biosecurity Minister Andrew Hoggard says.
“Known as the submersible dredge planer (SDP), the remotely operated equipment was developed for Biosecurity New Zealand by Northland Regional Council, which contracted local company Johnson Brothers Ltd to design and build it.
I’m thrilled that field tests over the past few weeks have shown the machinery works as expected and will be a useful addition to our toolbox of treatment methods.”
The SDP is the last of three removal tools developed using the $10 million we allocated in 2024 to tackle this invasive seaweed. The other two are a UV-C light treatment to irradiate caulerpa, and a scalable enclosure system (the ‘Rehabitat’) that contains and seals chlorine over affected areas.
The trials, supported by the Cawthron Institute and Ngāti Kuta and Patukeha hapū, demonstrated the SDP’s mechanical performance, manoeuvrability and functionality. Environmental impacts are still being assessed.
“Developing the SDP has been a mammoth effort. Two key components – the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and the control room had to be sourced from Scotland. There was no off-the-shelf solution available anywhere in the world, so it’s been custom designed for New Zealand conditions. Its unique screw propulsion system, for example, allows it to operate effectively on soft, sandy seabeds like those in the Bay of Islands.
It’s driven by remote control and fitted with blades to cut through caulerpa mats and a large dredge system to suction material to the surface for disposal. It’s a great example of Number 8 wire Kiwi ingenuity.”
A challenge for testing has been the absence of caulerpa at the trial site. The SDP was conceived when the weed blanketed Omākiwi Cove, but recent dieback events have left only sparse populations.
“Despite this, we now have a good understanding of the speed and area the SDP can cover in a day, and it’s ready to go should dense caulerpa return. It can also be modified for use on other species in both salt and freshwater environments.
Having a range of tested treatment tools – including large-scale removal technology like the SDP is important so we can respond quickly to control or eliminate invasive species in future.”

