新西兰永久加强黄眼企鹅保护措施 限制渔业误捕风险

2026年7月28日,新西兰讯——新西兰海洋与渔业部长 Shane Jones 表示,为降低渔业活动对珍稀物种黄眼企鹅(hoiho / yellow-eyed penguin)造成的影响,政府将实施长期保护措施,自2026年9月16日起正式生效。

奥塔哥半岛高风险区域禁用刺网捕鱼

去年,政府针对奥塔哥半岛(Otago Peninsula)周边黄眼企鹅高风险活动区域,实施了临时紧急刺网捕鱼禁令(set-net fishing ban),以减少企鹅因渔业活动造成的意外死亡。

Shane Jones表示,政府在实施临时禁令后,对相关科学证据进行了进一步评估,并开展公众咨询。

经过综合考虑后,他决定:

将该临时保护措施转为永久性禁令。

同时,政府将建立新的渔业相关死亡限额机制(Fishing Related Mortality Limit, FRML),以便未来根据黄眼企鹅种群状况快速采取更严格保护措施。

黄眼企鹅属于国家濒危物种

Hoiho(黄眼企鹅)是新西兰重要的珍稀生态物种,被毛利人视为具有特殊价值的 taonga(珍贵自然遗产)

目前,生活在南岛下部地区及斯图尔特岛(Rakiura/Stewart Island)的北部黄眼企鹅种群,被列为:

国家级濒危物种(nationally endangered)

政府此前风险评估显示,如果希望稳定北部黄眼企鹅数量,需要将所有来源造成的死亡减少约一半。

Shane Jones表示,新实施的渔业保护措施将有助于降低渔业误捕(bycatch)导致的死亡风险。

渔业误捕并非最大威胁

部长同时强调,虽然减少渔业误捕非常重要,但这并不是黄眼企鹅数量下降的主要原因。

目前影响黄眼企鹅生存的主要因素包括:

  • 疾病;
  • 天敌捕食;
  • 食物不足和饥饿。

他说:

“渔业误捕并不是北部黄眼企鹅种群处于危险状态的主要原因,但减少这一风险仍然是保护工作的重要组成部分。”

建立渔业死亡限额机制(FRML)

新的FRML机制将针对黄眼企鹅因捕鱼活动造成的意外死亡设定年度限制,并配套采取相应措施。

政府目前设定:

  • 北部黄眼企鹅种群年度渔业相关死亡限额:
    4只/年

部长强调,这并不是捕鱼死亡数量目标,而是一个“不可突破的底线”。

如果死亡数量接近或超过限制,政府将进一步收紧相关地区捕鱼规定,包括扩大禁捕范围。

他说:

“这一机制将推动渔业经营者采取一切可能措施避免黄眼企鹅误捕。如果限额存在超越风险,我将采取进一步限制措施。”

公众参与保护决策

Shane Jones感谢所有参与公众咨询并提出意见的个人、环保组织及行业代表。

他表示,政府将在保护生态环境与支持可持续渔业发展之间保持平衡。

Long-term measures to reduce risk from fishing to hoiho will come into force on 16 September 2026, Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones says.

“Last year I established a temporary emergency ban of set-net fishing in a high-risk area around the Otago Peninsula to protect hoiho (yellow-eyed penguins). This allowed for a review of scientific evidence and public consultation before deciding next steps.

“I have decided this closure will be made permanent. I am also establishing a new escalating response framework called a Fishing Related Mortality Limit (FRML) so I can act quickly and decisively to increase protections if needed.”

Hoiho is a taonga species, and the northern population that lives on the lower South Island and Rakiura/Stewart Island is classified as nationally endangered.

“Last year’s risk assessment projected that to stabilise the northern hoiho population we must cut deaths from all causes by half, and I consider the new protections will achieve this goal for fisheries bycatch,” Mr Jones says.

“However, I want to be very clear that fisheries bycatch is not the main reason the northern hoiho population is in a precarious state.

“The major risks to hoiho are disease, predation, and starvation, but implementing these long-term measures to reduce the risk of fisheries bycatch will help.”

The FRML sets limits for accidental capture of hoiho, with accompanying actions, including potential further closures if necessary. The annual FRML for the northern hoiho population has been set at four a year.

“This is not a target, it is a bottom line. It will further incentivise fishers to do everything possible to prevent hoiho bycatch, as I will put further restrictions on fishing in the area in place to ensure this limit is not exceeded,” Mr Jones says.

“I thank the many people who made their views known during public consultation.”